Give Beach-Nesting Birds Space: How And Why

American oystercatchers, Wilson’s plovers and least terns use sites such as Little Tybee Island, Ogeechee Bar, East Beach on St. Simons Island, Cumberland Island and the southern end of Jekyll Island. Among other species, black skimmers, royal terns and gull-billed terns also nest on Georgia beaches, offshore sandbars and dredge spoil islands.
For these nesting birds, human disturbance is a significant threat. Shorebirds and seabirds also face risks from native predators and high spring tides. Pets can be destructive, too, killing or scaring birds. During Memorial Day weekend last year, two least tern chicks died and seven or more black skimmer nests were ruined by dogs and people on Ogeechee Bar, a state-owned sandbar off Skidaway Island.

Visitors to Georgia’s beaches can help beach-nesting birds and migrating species by:

• Avoiding posted sites. (Eggs and chicks are camouflaged and easy to overlook or even step on.)
• Walking below the high-tide line.
• Watching beach birds only from a distance.
• Backing away from any nesting birds they accidentally disturb.

Adults frightened from a nest will often call loudly and exhibit distraction displays, such as dragging a wing as if it’s broken. Sometimes the birds will dive-bomb people who get too close to their nest, said Program Manager Tim Keyes of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Paying attention to the behavior of birds will alert you are too close to a nest or chick.

Keyes also encouraged visitors to leave dogs at home or keep them on a leash when visiting a beach where dogs are allowed. Pets are excluded by regulation or law at sites including Tybee Island, Little Tybee Island, Satilla Marsh Island, Jekyll’s south end and St. Catherines and Little Egg Island bars. (The bars and Brunswick Dredge Island, another key nesting site, are closed to people, as well.)

Beach-nesting birds nest above the high-tide line on wide, terraced beach flats or on the edge of dunes. In Georgia, the birds lay eggs in shallow scrapes in the sand from mid-March through July. After hatching, chicks hide on the beach or in the grass.

Disturbance by people or pets can cause adult birds to abandon eggs and chicks, exposing them to heat and predators. On a hot day, “in as little as 10 minutes, the eggs can be cooked,” Keyes said.

The threats are similar for migrating seabirds and shorebirds. Georgia’s coast provides vital stopover sites for species such as federally threatened red knots flying from South America and the Arctic. Research lead by partners at the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources have proved that the Southeast is a terminal staging area for red knots. The birds fly directly from here to their nesting grounds in the Arctic. Prior to this discovery the assumption was that almost all red knots funneled through Delaware Bay.

Red knots flushed from feeding in Georgia might not gain the weight needed to survive their more than 9,000-mile migration.  

Consideration for these and other migrating birds is crucial, said Keyes, who works for the DNR Wildlife Resources Division’s Wildlife Conservation Section. “With a little bit of effort and concern, we all can enjoy the beach.”

The effort is worth it. Already this year, pairs of American oystercatchers and Wilson’s plovers are on eggs at several locations on the Georgia coast.
 
Meanwhile St. Simon’s East Beach, a Beach Stewards program powered by volunteers is helping monitor nesting least terns. Participants inform the public and steer dogs and beachgoers away from the roped-off colony. (Interested in being a Beach Steward? Contact Keyes at (912) 222-0424 or tim.keyes@dnr.ga.gov.)

As with all migratory bird species, shorebirds and seabirds in Georgia are protected by the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Some species, such as piping plovers and red knots, have additional protections under the Endangered Species Act.

Keyes urged people visiting Georgia’s coast to help protect shorebirds, seabirds and migrants. “Let’s all do our part to ensure these birds can make the most of the vulnerable habitat available to them.”

DNR’s Wildlife Conservation Section works to conserve Georgia wildlife not legally fished for or hunted, as well as rare plants and natural habitats. The agency depends primarily on fundraisers, grants and contributions. That makes public support critical.

Georgians can help by contributing to the state’s Nongame Wildlife Conservation Fund. Here’s how: 

• Buy a DNR eagle or monarch butterfly license plate, or renew any of the older designs, including the hummingbird tags. Most of the fee is dedicated to wildlife. Upgrade to a wild tag for only $25! Details at https://gadnr.org/license-plates.
• Donate at https://www.gooutdoorsgeorgia.com. Click “Donate to the Georgia Wildlife Conservation Fund,” choose a donation from $5-$100 and checkout. (If you don’t have an account, continue as a guest.) For license buyers, there’s a round-up option to help wildlife.
• Donate directly to the agency. Learn more at https://georgiawildlife.com/donations.

Visit https://georgiawildlife.com/conservation/annualreport to see how support is put to work for wildlife.

BEACH BIRD TIPS

How can you help birds when visiting a Georgia beach?

• Stay in high-traffic areas; birds are less likely to nest where crowds gather
• Walk below the high-tide line or on wet-sand beaches.
• Avoid posted nesting sites. (Eggs and chicks are camouflaged and easy to overlook or even step on.)
• Observe beach birds only from a distance. Back away from any nesting birds you accidentally disturb. (Adults frightened from a nest will often call loudly and exhibit distraction displays, such as dragging one wing as if it is broken.)
• If you see people disturbing nesting birds, respectfully tell them how their actions can affect the birds. If the people continue, contact DNR’s Law Enforcement hotline, (800) 241-4113 or rangerhotline@dnr.ga.gov.
• Leave dogs at home or keep them on a leash when visiting a beach where they are allowed.
• Keep house cats indoors, and don’t feed feral cats. Cats often prey on birds.
• Help spread the word through family, friends and social media about the importance of giving beach-nesting birds the space they need to thrive.

Beach-nesting bird tips and video are available at https://georgiawildlife.com/conservation/birds (click “Share the Beach”).